Peripheral Angioplasty / Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty (PTA) of Lower Limbs

Meaning:
Peripheral Angioplasty, also known as Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty (PTA), is a minimally invasive procedure used to restore blood flow in narrowed or blocked arteries of the lower limbs. A balloon, and in some cases a stent, is used to widen the affected artery and improve circulation.

Causes:
Peripheral artery disease of the lower limbs commonly develops due to atherosclerosis, where fatty deposits build up inside the arteries. Risk factors include diabetes, smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, aging, and sedentary lifestyle. Reduced blood flow can lead to leg pain while walking, non-healing wounds, or critical limb ischemia.

Treatments:
PTA involves advancing a catheter to the narrowed segment of the artery under imaging guidance. The balloon is inflated to open the blockage, and a stent may be placed to keep the artery open. This treatment relieves symptoms, improves walking ability, and reduces the risk of limb-related complications.

Prevention:
Early detection and management of peripheral artery disease help prevent disease progression. Lifestyle modification, smoking cessation, diabetes and blood pressure control, regular exercise, and timely vascular interventions play an important role in maintaining limb health.